We consider a new concept of the evolving Universe, based on the idea of many fields in the vacuum state, where their initial expectation values are zero, but the total energy density is larger than zero. We call this state the polarized vacuum in GR. The exit from this state and "rolling down'' successively in directions determined by different fields is responsible for the evolution of the Universe and can be tested through investigation of the power spectra of cosmological perturbations.

We present a model of the early Universe, which is inspired by the observational data in the spatial wavenumbers $k\in(2\cdot10^{-4}, 10)$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and does not require a solution of the Friedman equations. Based on the observations we build a solution of General Relativity in the form of vacuum attractor, which provides an additional power at $k>10\,$Mpc$^{-1}$. Extending the power spectrum to the scale of kiloparsecs and less can solve the problems of the observed cosmology --- the appearance of the early star formation and supermassive black holes at $z>10$, the birth of primordial black holes, $\Lambda$CDM model, and others.

The trajectories of the dominant field in the model of the early Universe on the phase plane ($\phi$, $\dot\phi$). Bold lines correspond to the vacuum attractor, thin lines to the general solution, and arrows indicate the time direction.

V.N. Lukash, E.V. Mikheeva
JETP Letters 121, issue 6 (2025)