Size-dependent indirect exchange, magnetoelectric effect, and superconductivity in small particles and thin films
Nagaev E. L.
The indirect-exchange integral in small magnetic particles and magnetic thin films depends on the size of these objects. While indirect exchange gives rise to a ferromagnetic order in bulk samples, small particles may become antiferromagnetic and superconducting. The type of order can be varied by means of an electric field or adsorption.