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VOLUME 61 (1995) | ISSUE 4 | PAGE 233
Cosmic rays with energies above 3 x 1020 eV
Calculations in the model of quark-gluon strings incorporating the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect and interactions of neutral pions in the atmosphere confirm the estimates (£0Э=ЗХ 1020 eV) of the energy of the primary particles which generated some huge showers observed in Russia, the U.S., and Japan. The calculated relative number of muons in both oblique and approximately vertical showers agrees with the experimental results under the assumption that the primary particles are of a proton nature. Since the arrival directions of these showers do not point to any known active sources on the celestial sphere at distances out to 30-50 Mpc, it is necessary to search for possible sources of such particles. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.