Interface induced states at the boundary between a 3D topological insulator and a normal insulator
V. N. Men'shov, V. V. Tugushev, E. V. Chulkov+
National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia
*General Physics Institute of RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
+Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
+Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, UPV/EHU and Centro de Fisica de Materiales CFM-MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
Abstract
We show that, when a three-dimensional (3D) narrow-gap
semiconductor with inverted band gap ("topological insulator", TI) is
attached to a 3D wide-gap semiconductor with non-inverted band gap
("normal insulator", NI), two types of bound electron states having
different spatial distributions and spin textures arise at the TI/NI
interface. Namely, the gapless ("topological") bound state can be
accompanied by the emergence of the gapped ("ordinary") bound state. We
describe these states in the framework of the envelope function method using
a variational approach for the energy functional; their existence hinges on
the ambivalent character of the constraint for the envelope functions that
correspond to the "open" or "natural" boundary conditions at the
interface. The properties of the ordinary state strongly depend on the
effective interface potential, while the topological state is insensitive to
the interface potential variation.