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VOLUME 64 (1996) | ISSUE 8 | PAGE 543
Thermal hopping of single chaiges in strong dissipation limit
Macroscopic charge quantisation is analyzed in a case when thermal activation across trapping barriers dominates over tunneling* and barrier heights are comparable with charging and thermal energies. Barrier suppression, image force due to finite electron charge, and contribution of non-stable charge states are considered. Presented effects may be in part responsible for recent experimental data on high-temperature single-electronics in semiconductor and granulated systems. PACS: 72.90.-by, 73.20.Dx, 73.40.-c, 73.90.+f