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VOLUME 53 (1991) | ISSUE 3 | PAGE 150
Closed Abrikosov vortices in type-II superconductors
The magnetic field distribution, the magnetic flux, and the free energy of a closed toroidal vortex in a type-II superconductor are calculated in the London approximation. The thermodynamic condition for the excitation of such a vortex by a moving charge contains the fine-structure constant as a determining parameter.