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VOLUME 58 (1993) | ISSUE 3 | PAGE 225
Charge distribution in quantum shot noise
The charge which passes through a low-temperature quantum conductor over a fixed time has a binomial distribution. Fluctuations in the electron flux from the source and fluctuations due to scattering of electrons in the conductor are taken into account separately in the derivation. A generalization is made to the case of an arbitrary number of conduction channels and an arbitrary temperature. A generalized binomial (Bernoulli) distribution arises for the multichannel situation at absolute zero. In this distribution, the probabilities of the various outcomes are expressed in terms of multiparticle scattering probabilities.