Home
For authors
Submission status

Archive
Archive (English)
Current
   Volumes 93-112
   Volumes 113-120
      Volume 120
      Volume 119
      Volume 118
      Volume 117
      Volume 116
      Volume 115
      Volume 114
      Volume 113
Search
VOLUME 113 (2021) | ISSUE 9 | PAGE 624
Negative temperature: further extensions
Abstract
This paper is motivated by the recent paper [M. Baldovin, S. Iubini, R. Livi, and A. Vulpiani, Statistical mechanics of systems with negative temperature, arXiv:2103.12572]. The authors suggest that negative absolute temperatures are consistent with equilibrium thermodynamics. This is correct, if the environment also has negative temperature. Otherwise such states represent the transient though maybe long-lived metastable effects. Here we consider the extension of the negative temperatures to the relativistic systems. We show that the states with negative temperature are possible in the Dirac vacuum, which is obtained by the PT symmetry transformation from the conventional Dirac sea. If such vacuum with inverse population fills the whole Universe, its thermodynamics determined by negative temperatures becomes equilibrium.