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Nonlinearly enhanced linear absorption of mid-infrared pulse undergoing filamentation in high pressure gases

Ten years after recognition of the Nobel Prize, the chirped pulse amplification technique, was first implemented [1] and the unique regime of long-range femtosecond pulse propagation was discovered [2]. This propagation regime without beam divergence, or filamentation, was studied  with  Ti:Sapphire laser systems centered at ~800 nm with pulse peak power of 1010–1013 W [3]. Ultrashort pulse filamentation is accompanied by supercontinuum conical emission [4]. The atmospheric transparency window [5] in the visible range ensures lossless propagation of supercontinuum blue wing in the course of backward propagation after reflection from the cloud [6]. However, the fingerprints of atmospheric molecular pollutants are in the mid- and far-infrared range [5]. Besides, the critical power for self-focusing is proportional to the squared wavelength and achieves several hundreds of gigawatts for mid-infrared pulse propagating in air. This requires the pulse energy of at least several tens of milliJoules (pulse duration of about 100 fs) to form a filament on an atmospheric path. In order to target the application of femtosecond lidar in the mid-infrared part of the spectrum, we suggested the generalized approach for identification of the optimum laser wavelength for supercontinuum remote sensing applications [7,8]. We also developed the gas cell [9] for pressures 10–3–120 bar and temperatures up to 150°C to reach the filamentation with sub-milliJoule pulses. Our long cell of 75-cm length provides the filamentation in high-pressure gas in the quasi-collimated geometry close to atmospheric path experiments. The gas dispersion in the cell can be continuously tuned from normal to anomalous in the vicinity of water absorption band at 1.35 mm. The reservoir with water is installed into the gas cell and is additionally heated. In our experiments the cell was filled with nitrogen (30 bar) and water vapor (200 Pa). The laser pulses of ~100-mJ energy and 1.3-mm central wavelength propagate in the cell. The nonlinearly enhanced linear absorption was revealed in the long-wavelength part of the supercontinuum spectrum; this observation confirmed the theoretical prediction [7] of launching the pulse on the red (long-wavelength) side of the absorption line to ensure the maximum transmission through gases.

 

[1] D. Strickland and G. Mourou, Opt. Commun. 55, 447 (1985).

[2] A. Braun, G. Korn, X. Liu, D. Du, J. Squier, and G. Mourou, Opt. Lett. 20, 73 (1995).

[3] S. L. Chin, S. A. Hosseini, W. Liu, Q. Luo, F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, A. Becker, V. P. Kandidov, O. G. Kosareva, and H. Schroeder, Can. J. Phys. 83, 863 (2005).

[4] O. G. Kosareva, V. P. Kandidov, A. Brodeur, C. Y.Chien, and S. L. Chin, Optics letters 22, 1332 (1997).

[5] L. Rothman et al., J. Quantum Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 130, 4 (2013), HITRAN2012 special issue.

[6] J. Kasparian et al., Science 301, 61 (2003).

[7] N. A. Panov, D. E. Shipilo, V. A. Andreeva, O. G. Kosareva, A. M. Saletsky, H. Xu, and P. Polynkin Phys. Rev. A 94, 041801 (2016).

[8] N. A. Panov, D. E. Shipilo, A. M. Saletsky, W. Liu, P. G. Polynkin, and O. G. Kosareva Phys. Rev. A 100, 023832 (2019).

[9] V. O. Kompanets, D. E. Shipilo, I. A. Nikolaeva, N. A. Panov, O. G. Kosareva, S. V. Chekalin “Nonlinear enhancement of resonant absorption under filamentation of mid-infrared laser pulse in high-pressure gas” JETP Lett. accepted for publication, December 2019.

V. O. Kompanets, D. E. Shipilo, I. A. Nikolaeva, N. A. Panov, O. G. Kosareva, S. V. Chekalin

JETP Letters 111, issue 1 (2020)

 

 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-18 15:31:02
Non-quadratic transverse magnetoresistance in the nodal-line Dirac semimetal InBi

  Quasiparticles with the Dirac spectrum arise in a number of materials. Well-known examples are graphene, topological insulators, Dirac semimetals. More recently, it has been found that there are also materials in which the vertices of the Dirac cone are not at one or more points of the Brillouin zone, but form a line [1]. A feature of nodal-line Dirac semimetals is the much higher density of Dirac states than in materials with Dirac points, which allows us to hope for a more vivid manifestation of the properties due to Dirac fermions.
  ARPES study supported by first-principle calculations show that InBi is a Dirac semimetal in which the vertices of the Dirac cone form the lines in the momentum space along the directions MA and XR of the Brillouin zone, i.e. in the directions along the c axis [2]. Earlier studies of magnetoresistance in InBi indicate the presence of an extremely large positive transverse quadratic magnetoresistance, which exceeds 2 orders of magnitude and does not saturate in high magnetic fields [3]. The absence of saturation and its anomalously high value are associated with the equality of the concentrations of electrons and holes whose mobility at helium temperatures exceeds 104 cm2/V·s [3].   
  In this work, we present the results of high precision measurements of the transverse magnetoresistance in InBi. These enable us to distinguish features which were not observed previously. In particular, we found that the dependence of the resistance R on  magnetic field B does not follow the simple quadratic law  R(B) = R0 + bB2. Namely, at B < 0.1 T, it is characterized by high curvature,  at B > 1 T it approaches a quadratic law with a curvature several times smaller, and in the intermediate region it is described by the sum of linear and quadratic contributions. The observed deviation from the quadratic dependence corresponds to a linear contribution, which is expected for nodal-line Dirac semimetals [4]. We also proposed a simple formula

                                                           R(B) = R0+R1(1+η2B2)1/2+bB2,            
describing all the detected features of the magnetoresistance of the nodal-line Dirac semimetal InBi within the experimental accuracy of a few percent.

 

[1] A. A. Burkov, M. D. Hook, and L. Balents, Phys. Rev. B 84, 235126 (2011).
       [2] S.A. Ekahana, Sh.-Ch. Wu, J. Jiang, K. Okawa, D. Prabhakaran, Ch.-C. Hwang, S.-K. Mo, T. Sasagawa, C. Felser, B. Yan, Zh. Liu and Yu. Chen, New J. Phys. 19, 065007 (2017).
       [3] K. Okawa, M. Kanou, H. Namiki, and T. Sasagawa Phys. Rev. Materials 2, 124201 (2018).
       [4] H. Yang and F. Wang, arXiv:1908.01625.

 

S.V. Zaitsev-Zotov and I.A. Cohn
JETP Letters 111, issue 1 (2020)

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-14 22:46:02
Manifestation of spin superfluidity at room temperature

Superfluid 3He is a well-known condensed matter whose properties are described by quantum field theory. Upon transition to superfluid states, gauge and spin and orbital rotational symmetries are violated simultaneously, demonstrating the properties of antiferromagnetic superfluid liquid crystals. In these systems, spin superfluidity was discovered - quantum transfer of spins controlled by the gradient of the magnetization precession phase. Spin supercurrents provide coherence during the magnetization precession: the precession becomes coherent even in a strongly inhomogeneous magnetic field. This leads to a long-lived signal of free induction, which was observed experimentally, see Review [1]. An even more complex interaction between the spin and orbital degrees of freedom leads to the formation of an extremely long live signal, which was explained in terms of the Coleman Q-ball model [2].

For a long time, magnetic resonance in solid-state magnets was considered in the limit of small perturbations, which corresponds to a low concentration of no equilibrium magnons. However, at high concentrations, magnons can experience Bose condensation, as in superfluid 3He. Moreover, in the case of a repulsive interaction, magnons can form a superfluid state and exhibit spin superfluidity properties in a solid magnets [3]. In particular, manifestations of a superfluid spin state in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) at room temperature have recently been discovered [4].

This article presents the results of observations of a very long-lived induction decay signal obtained in a YIG at room temperature. Its properties are partially similar to the Q-ball observed in superfluid 3He. Nevertheless, there are some fundamental differences with the Q-ball, which require the correct theoretical explanation. The formation of this long-lived signal can be a manifestation of quantum field theory at room temperature.

 [1]. Yu. M. Bunkov, G. E. Volovik  “Spin superfluidity and magnon BEC”

Chapter IV of the book "Novel Superfluids", eds. K. H. Bennemann and J. B. Ketterson, Oxford University press, (2013) .

[2].  S. Autti, Yu. M. Bunkov, V. B. Eltsov,   et al. “Self-trapping of magnon Bose-Einstein condensates in the ground and excited levels: from harmonic  to a box confinement” 

Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 145303 (2012).

[3]. Yu. M. Bunkov,  E. M. Alakshin,2 R. R. Gazizulin, et al., “High-Tc Spin Superfluidity in Antiferromagnets” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 177002 (2012).

[4]. Yu. M. Bunkov, A.Farhutdinov A. N. Kuzmichev, et al., “The magnonic superfluid droplet at room temperature”  https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.03708.pdf

 

 

Yu.M.Bunkov, P.M.Vetoshko, A.N.Kuzmichev, G.V.Mamin. S.B.Orlinsky, T.R.Safin, V.I.Belotelov, M.S.Tagirov.  

JETP Letters 111, issue 1 (2020)

 


 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-14 22:24:02
Direct measurements of spin subsystem picosecond heating kinetics in diluted magnetic semiconductor nanostructures

In recent years, a rapidly developing field of science and technology - spintronics - has attracted much attention. New principles for the operation of devices have been proposed, in which the electronic spin is used along with its charge to transmit and process information. The main tasks of semiconductor spintronics are the investigations of the carrier spins injection, orientation, accumulation and detection processes and the study of the possibilities of controlling them by optical and electrical methods. Diluted magnetic semiconductors and nanostructures based on II – VI materials with manganese ions are considered as model objects for possible applications in spintronics. In such structures, magnetic Mn2+ ions isoelectronically replace metal ions in cationic sublattices.

The low-temperature spectra of magneto-optical photoluminescence provide quantitative information on the temperature and magnetization of the Mn ions subsystem. Indeed, the exciton luminescence line shift in external magnetic fields is directly proportional to the magnetization, which makes it possible to experimentally implement the internal thermometer of the magnetic ions spin temperature, since temperature increase leads to a decrease in the Zeeman shift of the emission band. Measurements of the low-temperature exciton luminescence spectra with time resolution in external magnetic fields also allow one to study the dynamics of changes in the spin subsystem magnetization and temperature of diluted magnetic semiconductor structures when non-equilibrium magnetization is created in them, for example, using high-power pulsed optical pumping [1].

To determine the real interaction time of carriers with magnetic ions, it is very important to study diluted magnetic semiconductor superlattices with type II band alignment. In such structures based on (Zn,Mn)Se/(Be,Mn)Te the type II band alignment makes it possible to experimentally change the interaction time of photoexcited carriers with magnetic ions. At high levels of optical excitation inside ZnSe/BeTe superlattices, due to the high concentration of spatially separated charges of electrons and holes, strong electric fields arise, which in turn lead to strong band bending [2]. Strong band bending leads to the formation of metastable above-barrier hole states [3], which increases the hole lifetimes in the ZnSe layer.

In the present paper the magnetization kinetics in diluted magnetic semiconductor type II superlattices Zn0.99Mn0.01Se/Be0.93Mn0.07Te in external magnetic fields was studied using an optical technique with a high temporal resolution ~ 2 ps. For the first time, direct measurements of the picosecond kinetics of the process of energy and spin transfer from photoexcited carriers due to the exchange interaction with the localized spins of Mn2+ ions were performed and the energy and spin transfer time τ ≈ 17 ± 2 ps was determined.

[1] M.K. Kneip, D.R. Yakovlev, M. Bayer, A.A. Maksimov, I.I. Tartakovskii, D. Keller, W. Ossau, L.W. Molenkamp, and A. Waag, Phys. Rev. B 73, 035306 (2006).

[2] S.V. Zaitsev, V.D. Kulakovskii, A.A. Maksimov, D.A. Pronin, I.I. Tartakovskii, N.A. Gippius, M.Th. Litz, F. Fisher, A. Waag, D. R. Yakovlev, W. Ossau, and G. Landwehr, JETP Lett. 66, No. 5376-381 (1997).

[3] A.A. Maksimov, S.V. Zaitsev, E.V. Filatov, A.V. Larionov, I.I. Tartakovskii, D.R. Yakovlev, and A. Waag, JETP Lett. 88, No. 8, 511–514 (2008).

A.A. Maksimov, E.V. Filatov, I.I. Tartakovskii, D.R. Yakovlev, A. Waag

JETP Letters 110, issue 12 (2019)

 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-12 17:29:02
Optical Properties of $p_x + ip_y$ Superconductors with Strong Impurities

Observation of the polar Kerr effect in $\mathrm{Sr_2RuO_4}$ [1], a layered material considered to realize the chiral $p_x+ip_y$ superconducting state, has lead to extensive theoretical investigations of the anomalous Hall response $\sigma_{xy}(\omega)$ in $p_x+ip_y$ superconductors. These studies consider either multi-band superconductor models or effects of potential disorder caused by weak impurities.

This work generalizes existing theories of disorder-induced Hall response [2-5] to the case of strong impurities. We consider a low concentration of strong short-range potential impurities characterized by a scattering phase $\delta$. We show that such impurities in the $p$-wave superconductor lead to sub-gap bound states at energy $\Delta\cos\delta$ similar to Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states hosted by magnetic impurities in $s$-wave superconductors. These states form an impurity band which also governs the Hall response. We calculate $\sigma_{xy}(\omega)$ as function of temperature and frequency. It exhibits rich behaviour and sharp threshold features at frequencies $\omega=\Delta\pm\Delta\cos\delta$ which we identify with particular transition processes between the condensate, the impurity band and the continuous spectrum of the $p_x+ip_y$ superconductor.

[1] J. Xia, Y. Maeno, P. T. Beyersdorf, M. M. Fejer, and A. Kapitulnik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 167002 (2006).

       [2] J.Goryo, Phys. Rev. B 78, 060501(R) (2008).

       [3] R. M. Lutchyn, P. Nagornykh, V. M.Yakovenko, Phys. Rev. B 80, 104508 (2009).

       [4] S. Li, A. V. Andreev, and B. Z.Spivak, Phys. Rev.B 92, 100506 (2015).

       [5] E. J. König, A. Levchenko, Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 027001 (2017).

Ioselevich P.A., Ostrovsky P.M.

JETP Letters 110, issue 12 (2019)

 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-11 00:02:02
Stimulated Raman scattering in metal-dielectric ENZ nanocomposites

Most materials found in nature exhibit negligible nonlinear optical behaviors. To observe them, it is necessary to increase the interaction length  (for example, using optical fibers) and/or to amplify the pump intensity with high-powered pulse lasers. It means that the third-order nonlinear optical processes, for example, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), optical Kerr effect, to name a few, do not appear within highly confined media or from single molecules exposed to continuous-wave low-powered laser light. Nonlinear enhancement of light becomes possible due to giant local electric fields and/or changes in higher-order nonlinear susceptibility. The nonlinear optical effects were found to occur in plasmonic and/or epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials [1-4]. In paper [5], the authors, for the first time, have succeeded to synthesize a metal-dielectric nanocomposite exhibiting the 2-ENZ behavior in the visible and near-infrared region. In such a medium, multiple plasmon resonances at different wavelengths are available.

In this paper, we study SRS effects using a percolated 50 nm titanium oxynitride (TiON) thin film that exhibits the 2-ENZ behavior in the visible and near-infrared region. This film was fabricated using dc reactive magnetron sputtering in an argon-nitrogen environment at elevated temperature and post-oxidation in air. In order to enhance the SRS effect we have patterned the TiON thin film by making square-shaped planar nanoantennas with focused ion beam milling. Using tip-enhanced Raman scattering, we have proved that this nanocomposite film can be represented as the mixture of metallic TiN and dielectric TiO2 nanoparticles. The underlying mechanism to observe the SRS is linked to the enhanced effective third-order susceptibility due to plasmon resonances at the ENZ wavelengths. Earlier, we have experimentally demonstrated a far-field Raman color superlensing effect by showing a sub-wavelength resolution of l/6NA (l  is the excitation wavelength, NA - numerical aperture) at different SRS overtones using multi-walled carbon nanotubes of 40 nm in diameter directly dispersed on the TiON thin film [6]. This allows one to use this material for developing a multi-resonant meta-lens pushing a spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit without post-recovery. The meta-lens serves as a SERS substrate that not only enhances a scattered light but provides the sub-wavelength resolution. The metal-dielectric 2-ENZ nanocomposite film can be used as a broadband perfect absorber for thermophotovoltaic cells.     

[1] Reshef O., De Leon I., Alam M. Z., Boyd R. W. Nat. Rev. Mater. 4, 535 (2019).

[2] Caspani, Kaipurath R. P. M., Clerici M.,et al.,  PRL 116, 233901 (2016)

[3] Kharintsev S.S., Kharitonov A.V., Saikin S.K., Alekseev A.M., Kazarian S. G.  Nano Lett. 17, 5533 (2017).

[4] Kharintsev S.S., Kharitonov A.V., Alekseev A.M., Kazarian S. G. Nanoscale 11, 7710 (2019).

[5] Braic L., Vasilantonakis N., Mihai A.,et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 29857 (2017).

[6] Kharintsev S.S.  Opt. Lett. 44 (24), 5909-5912 (2019).

 

Tyugaev M.D., Kharitinov A.V., Gazizov A.R., Fishman A.I., Salakhov M.Kh., Dedkova A.A., Alekseev A.M., Shelaev A.V., Kharintsev S.S.

JETP Letters 110, issue 12 (2019)


 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-08 14:24:02
Thermal Nieh-Yan anomaly in topological Weyl materials

In 1982 Nieh and Yan introduced the quantum gravitational anomaly caused by the gravitational torsion field [1, 2]. Since that time the torsional anomaly has been debated, because the coefficient in the Nieh-Yan anomaly term contains the ultraviolet energy cut-off, which is not well defined.

In this paper we discuss the temperature correction to the Nieh-Yan anomaly. As distinct from the zero temperature term, the $T^2$ temperature correction  does not depend on the ultraviolet cut-off and thus can be universal. Such $T^2$ Nieh-Yan term may exist not only in the relativistic quantum field theories, but also in condensed matter with Weyl fermions. In the topological  Weyl semimetals and in the chiral $p+ip$ superfluids and superconductors, this term is fully determined by the quasirelativistic physics in the vicinity of the Weyl nodes.

[1] H. T. Nieh and M. L. Yan, J. Math. Phys. 23, 373  (1982).

[2] H. T. Nieh and M. L. Yan, Ann. Phys.138, 237 (1982).

Nissinen J., Volovik G.E.

JETP Letters 110, issue 12 (2019)

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-12-07 21:15:02
Superfluid $^3He$ in squeezed nematic aerogel

Nematic aerogels consist of nearly parallel strands. In liquid 3He in such aerogels, the strands lead to anisotropy of 3He quasiparticles scattering that makes favorable new superfluid phases: polar, polar-distorted A (PdA) and polar-distorted B  [1]. A distinctive feature of this work is that experiments were performed with 3He in two samples of nematic aerogel one of which was squeezed by 30% in the direction transverse to the strands. The squeezing leads to anisotropy in a plane perpendicular to the strands that can affect superfluid phases. It was found that the superfluid transition of 3He in both samples occurred into the non-chiral polar phase, where no qualitative difference between properties of nuclear magnetic resonance in 3He in these samples was found. The difference, however, has appeared on further cooling, after a transition to the chiral PdA phase. The results agree with theoretical expectations and provide an additional proof of existence of the polar phase of 3He in nematic aerogels. The obtained quantitative characteristics of the observed phases also agree with recent theoretical paper [2] where it was stated that Anderson theorem for s-wave superconductors is applicable to superfluid 3He in ideal nematic aerogel.

 

[1] V.V. Dmitriev, A.A. Senin, A.A. Soldatov, and A.N. Yudin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 165304 (2015).

[2] I.A. Fomin, JETP 127, 933 (2018).

V.V. Dmitriev, M.S. Kutuzov, A.A. Soldatov, A.N. Yudin

JETP Letters 110, issue 11 (2019)

 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-11-09 23:50:02
Stone-Wales graphane: structure, properties and its thermal stability

After the discovery of graphene with its unique mechanical and electronic characteristics, a  number of other quasi-two-dimensional carbon structures were theoretically predicted, including octagraphene [1], pentagraphene [2], ψ-graphene [3], Stone-Wales (SW) graphene [4], as well as their various hydrogenated versions (graphane [5], pentagraphane [6], ψ-graphane [7] etc.). In this paper, SW graphane - a new allotropic modification of graphane is proposed. This quasi-two-dimensional structure is formed upon complete two-side hydrogenation of SW graphene. SW graphene is more thermodynamically stable than most other allotropic modification of carbon. This justifies possibility of the SW graphane formation.

Unlike graphane, SW graphane is an anisotropic and soft material. Depending on the direction, its Young's modulus is 194 - 221 N/m, whereas in isotropic graphane it  is 249 N/m. The density of phonon states in SW graphane differs from that in graphane. There are no sharp peaks in the density of phonon states of SW graphane, which are typical for graphane. The densities of electronic states in SW graphane and pristine graphane slightly differ from each other. As well, as for graphane, the main channel of thermal decomposition of SW graphane is the separation of atomic hydrogen. The desorption energies of hydrogen atoms for graphane and SW graphane are also very close.

1. X.-L. Sheng, H.-J. Cui, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 112, 074315 (2012).

2. S. Zhang, J. Zhou, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 2372 (2015).

3. X. Li, Q. Wang, P. Jena, The J. of Phys. Chem. Lett. 8, 3234 (2017).

4. H. Yin, X. Shi, et al., Phys. Rev. B 99, 041405 (2019).

5. J. O. Sofo, A. S. Chaudhari, and G. D. Barber, Phys.Rev. B 75, 153401 (2007).

6. H. Einollahzadeh, et al., Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 17, 610 (2017).

7. X. Huang, M. Ma, L. Cheng, and L. Liu Physica E 115, 113701(2020).

 

Podlivaev A.I.

 JETP Letters 110, issue 10 (2019)

 

 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-10-30 16:01:02
Relaxation times and population inversion of the excited states of As donors in germanium

At present the interest to Coulomb impurity centers in semiconductors, particularly in silicon and germanium, is revived due to their natural zero-dimensional origin . The specific properties of such centers and advancement in modern technology allow one to create, a qubit with optically controlled coherent states [1], or a source of the THz coherent radiation which utilizes the conventional laser scheme or stimulated Raman scattering [2]. Such applications require accurate knowledge of optical excitation and relaxation processes within an impurity center.

In weakly and moderately doped semiconductors, the lifetime of excited states for a shallow impurity center is controlled by phonon-assisted relaxation. Recently [3], the relaxation times for arsenic donor states in bulk germanium have been calculated; these values are encouraging and suggest that the population inversion and THz lasing can be realized under optical pumping.

The present work is devoted to studying the low-temperature relaxation of the excited states of As donors in Ge crystal using a pump-probe technique. We show that the lifetime of lower odd parity 2p states are close to one ns. At the same time, experimental study of the inverse relaxation rate for the first excited state 1s(T2) yields value not longer than 160 ps. The data obtained are compared with the results of theoretical calculations [3] and confirm the possibility to reach THz amplification on the 2p – 1s(T2) transitions of optically excited As donors in Ge.

 

  1. K.J. Morse, R. J. S. Abraham, A.D. Abreu et al., Sci. Adv. 3, e1700930, (2017).
  2. S. G. Pavlov, R. Kh. Zhukavin, V. N. Shastin et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 250, 9 (2013).
  3. V.V. Tsyplenkov, V.N. Shastin, Semiconductors, 52, 1573 (2018).

 

 

Zhukavin R. Kh., Kovalevskii K.A., Choporova Yu. Yu. et al. (Collaboration)

JETP Letters 110, issue 10 (2019)

 

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Created by I. Podyniglazova, 2019-10-29 15:09:02